Optimization refers to the process of finding the best possible solution among a set of alternatives for a specific problem or objective. It involves maximizing or minimizing an objective function.

Bilevel optimization is a type of optimization problem that involves an optimization problem nested within another.

In this scenario, the upper-level problem, also known as the leader problem, aims to optimize a global objective function while considering the solutions of the lower-level problem, known as the follower problem.

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